Medical debt is one of the leading causes of bankruptcy in the United States — and it's no surprise why. Americans pay more for healthcare than residents of any other developed nation. From prescriptions to surgeries, the costs can be overwhelming. In fact, medical expenses contribute to nearly 66% of all personal bankruptcies in the U.S.

But even if you can't change the healthcare system overnight, you can take steps to protect yourself. By asking the right questions before you seek care, you may significantly lower your out-of-pocket costs, avoid unnecessary expenses, and reduce your risk of falling into medical debt.

Here are six essential questions to ask before getting treatment:

1. Is This Provider in My Insurance Network?

One of the most common (and costly) healthcare mistakes is visiting an out-of-network provider. Your insurance company typically negotiates lower rates with in-network doctors, clinics, and hospitals. If you go out-of-network, you could pay thousands more — or even the full cost.

Tip: Always confirm network status with both your insurance company and the provider before your visit. Don't rely on outdated website listings.

2. Can I Get a Cash Discount?

Many healthcare providers offer cash discounts for patients who pay upfront or are uninsured. Why? Because providers often pad prices expecting insurance delays or non-payment.

Savings can range from 10% to 30%, or even more. Always ask if a cash rate is available — even if you have insurance but plan to pay directly.

3. Where Can I See a Price List or Cost Estimate?

Hospitals and providers are legally required to provide transparent pricing or at least a good faith estimate of charges.

Although medical billing can be complex, requesting a price list before your procedure can help you:

  • Avoid hidden fees
  • Compare costs across providers
  • Understand your financial responsibility upfront

Tip: Ask for a CPT code for the procedure — it's a standard code you can use to search or request estimates from other providers.

4. Is Financial Assistance or a Payment Plan Available?

If you're overwhelmed by a medical bill, don't ignore it. Most hospitals and clinics offer:

  • No-interest payment plans
  • Income-based discounts
  • Hardship assistance programs

These options can ease your financial burden without harming your credit or leading to collections. It's always worth asking — you may be surprised by what's available.

5. Is My Bill Accurate?

Medical billing errors are shockingly common. It's not unusual to be overcharged due to:

  • Incorrect billing codes
  • Duplicate charges
  • Services you never received

Before paying, compare your bill against:

  • Your explanation of benefits (EOB) from your insurer
  • Any pre-visit cost estimate
  • Notes or receipts from your appointment

If something doesn't add up, request an itemized bill and ask the provider to review it.

6. Is There a More Affordable (But Still Effective) Option?

Healthcare isn't one-size-fits-all. For many conditions, there are multiple treatment paths, ranging from surgery to simple lifestyle changes.

Don't hesitate to ask your provider:

  • Are there lower-cost medication alternatives (like generics)?
  • Can we delay or skip non-essential tests?
  • What would you recommend if I had to pay out-of-pocket?

Physicians understand the financial challenges patients face. Being upfront about your situation can help them tailor care that meets your needs without breaking the bank.

Final Thoughts: Advocate for Your Health and Your Wallet

The U.S. healthcare system is complicated and expensive — but asking these six questions can help you take control of your medical costs and avoid unnecessary financial stress.

By being proactive, informed, and assertive, you can protect both your health and your finances.